唐德宗李适（kuò）（742年5月27日―805年2月25日），唐代宗李豫长子，唐朝第九位皇帝（除武则天和唐殇帝以外），在位二十六年（779年6月12日―805年2月25日 ）。初封奉节郡王，代宗宝应元年（762年）为天下兵马元帅，改封鲁王。安史之乱平定后，拜尚书令，改封鲁王、雍王。广德二年（764年），被立为皇太子。大历十四年（779年）五月，代宗驾崩，李适即位。李适在位前期，以强明自任，坚持信用文武百官，严禁宦官干政，用杨炎为相，废租庸调制，改行“两税法”，颇有一番中兴气象。后任用卢杞等，政局转坏。建中四年（783年），爆发“泾原兵变”，李适出逃奉天，后依靠李晟等平乱，但叛乱中文官武将的相继失节与宦官集团的忠心护驾所形成的强烈反差使李适放弃了以往的观念。执政后期，李适委任宦官为禁军统帅，在全国范围内增收间架、茶叶等杂税，导致民怨日深。对藩镇多事姑息，使其势力日渐增强。李适在位时期，对外联合回纥、南诏，打击吐蕃，成功扭转对吐蕃的战略劣势，为唐宪宗的“元和中兴”创造了较为有利的外部环境。贞元二十一年（805年），李适于会宁殿驾崩，享寿六十四岁。谥号神武孝文皇帝，庙号德宗，葬于崇陵。李适善属文，尤工于诗。《全唐诗》录有其诗。 李适的古诗词
九月十八赐百僚追赏因书所怀
雨霁霜气肃，天高云日明。
繁林已坠叶，寒菊仍舒荣。
懿此秋节时，更延追赏情。
池台列广宴，丝竹传新声。
至乐非外奖，浃欢同中诚。
庶敦朝野意，永使风化清。
诗意：这首诗描绘了九月的景色，秋天的气候清爽，云彩明亮，雨过霜气弥漫。诗人提到树木已经落下了繁茂的叶子，但寒菊依然绽放着荣花。在这美好的秋天，诗人提出了赏赐百僚的请求，以表达对人们贡献的感激之情。他希望能在宴会上听到新的音乐声，享受至乐的乐趣，这样的奖赏并非是为了追求外在的荣华，而是起到增进情谊和团结民众的作用。最后，诗人表达了自己愿意推进清风化俗的决心，希望这种清风能够永久地影响朝野，成为社会风气的一部分。
赏析：这首诗以描绘秋天的景色为起点，通过诗人对自然的观察，表达了他对赏赐百僚的渴望和期望。诗人所表达的是对美好事物的回应和感激之情，同时也展示了他推崇清风化俗的思想。诗人以自身的行动来鼓励社会的风化清新，试图通过此诗来感召朝野的官员和民众，构建一个更加美好的社会。
中文译文：
雨过霁霞天气爽，天高云亮光辉芒。
繁林已落纷飞叶，寒菊依然鲜芬芳。
懿此秋节时光美，进而倡议大赏赐。
池台排列广宴席，丝竹传来新的声。
至乐并非外在的奖，而是真诚和欢乐共享。
让朝野充满团结意，永远风化清纯光。
Poem Analysis: "Granting Rewards to the officials in September 18th due to the thoughts expressed in a book."
The poem describes the scenery of September, with clear weather after the rain and a high sky with bright clouds. The poet mentions how the dense forest has already shed its leaves, but the chrysanthemums are still thriving. In this beautiful autumn, the poet requests the granting of rewards to the officials, expressing gratitude for their contributions. The poet hopes to hear new music during the banquet and enjoy the ultimate pleasure. The rewards mentioned here are not for pursuing external glory but to enhance friendship and unite the people. Finally, the poet expresses the determination to promote a pure and refined society, hoping that this pure wind can permanently affect both the court and the common people, becoming part of the social atmosphere.
Appreciation: This poem begins with the depiction of the autumn scenery, using the poet's observations of nature to convey his desire and expectations for granting rewards to the officials. The poet expresses gratitude and responds to beautiful things, while also showcasing his belief in promoting purity and refinement. The poet encourages social refinement through his own actions, attempting to inspire government officials and the people through this poem, constructing a better society.
Translation:
After the rain, the sky is clear, the weather is pleasant,
The sky is high, the clouds are bright and radiant.
The dense forest has shed its falling leaves,
But the chrysanthemums bloom fragrantly, unaffected by the cold.
On this auspicious festival of autumn,
The poet proposes a rewarding ceremony.
The pavilions and terraces are set, ready for a grand banquet,
The melodies of silk and bamboo instruments bring new tunes.
The ultimate pleasure lies not in external rewards,
But in genuine joy and shared happiness.
May this sincerely unite the court and the people,
And forever maintain a pure and refined society.
jiǔ yuè shí bā cì bǎi liáo zhuī shǎng yīn shū suǒ huái
九月十八赐百僚追赏因书所怀
yǔ jì shuāng qì sù, tiān gāo yún rì míng.
雨霁霜气肃，天高云日明。
fán lín yǐ zhuì yè, hán jú réng shū róng.
繁林已坠叶，寒菊仍舒荣。
yì cǐ qiū jié shí, gèng yán zhuī shǎng qíng.
懿此秋节时，更延追赏情。
chí tái liè guǎng yàn, sī zhú chuán xīn shēng.
池台列广宴，丝竹传新声。
zhì lè fēi wài jiǎng, jiā huān tóng zhōng chéng.
至乐非外奖，浃欢同中诚。
shù dūn cháo yě yì, yǒng shǐ fēng huà qīng.
庶敦朝野意，永使风化清。
